Air pollution and plant biotechnology : prospects for phytomonitoring and phytoremediation

摘要: I. Plant Responses and Phytomonitoring.- 1. of Whole Plants to Air Pollutants.- Introduction.- 2. Sulfur Oxides.- 3. Ozone.- 4. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN).- 5. Nitrogen 6. Fluoride.- 7. Acid Rain.- 8. Combination as Bioindicators for Dioxide.- Hydrogen Ethene (Ethylene).- Conclusion.- Phytomonitoring Urban Environmental Management.- Scope Project.- Methodology: Ecoepidemiological.- Findings: Field Experiment.- Implications Effects Pollutants on Lipid Metabolism in Plants.- Leaf Glycerolipids Their Metabolism.- Oxidation by Metabolic Alteration Lipids Conclusions Prospects Biotechnology.- Ethylene Ozone-Induced Synthesis.- Under Acute Ozone Exposure.- Chronic Dioxide-Induced Production.- Gene Expression Expression.- Biological Significance Response Application the Detection Conclusions.- Biotechnology Use Generate with Altered Sensitivity Molecular Sensors II. Resistant Phytoremediation.- Absorption Organic Inorganic A Simple Gas Diffusion Model Analyzing Leaves.- Analysis Foliar Pollutant Gases Model.- Stomatal Control Susceptibility 9. Uptake, Metabolism, Detoxification Phytotoxicity 10. Elevated Levels Sulfide Environment: Nutrient or Toxin.- H2S Growth.- Uptake H2S.- Atmospheric H2S, Nutrition, Assimilation.- Versus Toxicity.- Concluding Remarks.- 11. Dioxide Ammonia NO2.- Toxicity Perspectives.- 12. Resistance Ozone: Role Ascorbate.- Genetic Basis Resistance.- Factors Governing 13. Active Oxygen Species Tolerance Exposed CO2.- Antioxidative Systems SO2.- 14. Countermeasures Fertilization Reduce Oxidant-Induced Injury Nutritional Components Visible Injury.- Reducing Damage Caused Oxidants Spinach: Methods Fertilizer Application.- III. Image Diagnosis Exchange.- 15. Instrumentation Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Diagnosing Photosynthetic Fluorescence.- System.- Stresses.- 16. Field-Portable Imaging System Measurement Quenching.- Prototype (Almost) Portable Some Applications Results.- Further Developments.- 17. Assessment Stresses Using Multispectral Steady-State Imagery.- Characteristics Vegetation.- Techniques.- Moderately O3 Varying Content Flavonols.- 18. Exchange Trees Thermal Remote Sensing.- Information Obtained from Temperature.- Temperature Image.- IV. Generation Transgenic 19. Manipulation Genes Involved Glutathione Regulation Assimilation Biosynthesis.- Production 20. NR Genes.- NiR GS Containing Chimeric cDNA, GS1 GS2 cDNA.- 21. Enzymes.- Superoxide Dismutases.- Reductase.- Other more than One Encoding 22. Engineering Forest Tree Species.- Improvement Transformation Studies Research Populus Improving Stress Hybrid Aspen Engineering.- Traits Through 23. Risk Plants: Case Study Cucumber Mosaic Virus-Resistant Melon Japan.- Introduction Genetically Modified Organisms.- Guidelines Crops Melon.- Conclusion.