Hypocalcemia and other abnormalities of mineral homeostasis during the neonatal period

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews hypocalcaemia and other abnormalities of mineral homeostasis during the neonatal period. It describes three types based on their time occurrence in life: early hypocalcaemia, late demineralization late-late hypocalcaemia. Early is prevalent premature infants, infants diabetic mothers, asphyxiated infants. An exaggeration calcitonin surge probably plays a major role while mothers may have prolonged functional hypoparathyroidism. Late occurs full-term, otherwise healthy most common vitamin D-deficient populations. much less frequent than hypocalcaemia; however, are usually symptomatic often with seizures entity always requires treatment additional calcium magnesium supplementation and/or phosphate restriction. Late-late seen very associated severe osteopenia or rickets. Its etiology appears to be combination phosphorus deficiency an effective D metabolite deficiency. Both high calcium-high formulae 25-hydroxycholecalciferol normalize serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25-OHD) improved mineralization decreased Severe frequently when superimposed 25-OHD Human milk per se , fed small infant, produces classical