The effects of nicotine gum and counseling among African American light smokers: a 2 × 2 factorial design

摘要: Aim  Approximately 50% of African American smokers are light (smoke ≤ 10 cigarettes a day). The prevalence smoking in the United States is increasing, yet there has not been single cessation clinical trial targeting smokers. purpose this 2 × 2 factorial, randomized was to evaluate efficacy nicotine gum (2 mg versus placebo) and counseling (motivational interviewing health education) for smokers. Design  Participants were assigned randomly one four study arms: 2 mg plus education (HE); motivational (MI); placebo HE; MI. Participants setting  A total 755 (66% female, mean age = 45) enrolled at community center over 16-month period. Intervention measurements  received an 8-week supply six sessions during course 26-week study. Biochemical measures included expired carbon monoxide (CO) serum salivary cotinine. Findings  Seven-day quit rates no better than group (14.2% 11.1%, P = 0.232) 6 months. However, effect emerged, with HE performing significantly MI (16.7% 8.5%, P < 0.001). These results consistent across outcome time-points (weeks 1, 8, 26). Conclusions  Results highlight potential positive impact directive information advice-oriented on cessation. Studies needed assess other interventions that may further improve among who motivated quit.