Women, Human-Wildlife Conflict, and CBNRM: Hidden Impacts and Vulnerabilities in Kwandu Conservancy, Namibia

摘要: Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programmes are designed to ensure that rural residents benefit from conservation initiatives. But where human-wildlife conflict threatens life and livelihood, wildlife impacts can undermine the goals of CBNRM. Based on research women's experiences in Namibia's Kwandu Conservancy, we examine both visible hidden conflict. In effects ongoing, reaching beyond direct material losses include such as persistent worries about food insecurity, fears for physical safety, lost investments. Existing vulnerabilities related poverty marital statuses make some women more susceptible impacts, less able recover or access compensation. This process may actually deepen vulnerability whose economic status is already marginal. Because benefits accrue at multiple scales, recommend cost be better distributed, with additional resources prevention compensation made available conservancy residents.