Dose-response studies with chemical irritants in the albino rabbit eye as a basis for selecting optimum testing conditions for predicting hazard to the human eye

摘要: Abstract Twenty-one chemicals, solutions, and mixtures with different degrees of recognized irritant potential to the human eye were tested in albino rabbit eyes at dose volumes 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 ml. Materials administered directly central corneal surface. Irritation that developed was followed up 21 days graded by Draize scale. Maximum irritation scores median number for return normal compared available data on experience as a basis selecting volume would best predict response. Using categories negligible = clearing within 24 hr, moderate 7 days, substantial severe or corrosive persisting beyond 0.01 ml most often gave results consistent information effects exposures. This hexane, triethanolamine, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, 0.5% sodium hydroxide, 5% hydrochloric acid, 20% chloride caused irritations. Granular 10% sulfuric hypochlorite, isopropyl alcohol, cocount soap powder solution, powdered laundry soap, two phosphate detergents, carbonate-sodium sulfate mixtures, 3% acetic 1% silver nitrate, 10 40% lauryl irritation. Sodium sulfate, 29%, another experiment substantially irritating, formaldehyde, calcium hydroxide severely irritating corrosive. Corneal application material is proposed more realistic test hazard than test.