Azithromycin: the first of the tissue-selective azalides

摘要: The azalide azithromycin, which is derived from erythromycin, contains a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the lactone ring. This 15-membered expanded ring results improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared with erythromycin. Azithromycin possesses broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria, including enhanced macrolides Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis. In vitro azithromycin intracellular clinically atypical pathogens also good. has distinct pharmacokinetic profile other antimicrobial agents, most prominent feature its high tissue selectivity. Concentrations respiratory tract, gynaecological prostate remain above minimum inhibitory concentrations for several days, thus making it possible to use short-course, once-daily dosing regimen. Another that rapidly penetrates phagocytic cells, release antibiotics at local sites infection. Comparative clinical trials have shown given once daily 3 or 5 days comparable comparator drugs 7 10 treatment otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, infectious exacerbations chronic community-acquired pneumonia skin soft infections adults. been be effective tract children. addition, some sexually-transmitted diseases are effectively treated by single 1-g dose azithromycin; microbiological responses were those recorded using doxycycline twice days. short-duration, regimen well tolerated adults children, there no evidence interaction between theophylline, terfenadine, cimetidine.