Diurnal rhythms of locomotor activity, changes in body mass and fat reserves, standard metabolic rate, and respiratory quotient in the free-living coal tit (Parus ater) in the autumn-winter period

摘要: These studies were conducted in 1999–2010 on the territory of Zvenigorod Biological Station Moscow State University (western suburbs, 55°44′ N, 36°51′ E). Birds (Parus ater) caught by mist-nets. All birds banded and weighed, their fat reserves determined; then, released. A total 85 individuals caught. The standard metabolic rate respiratory quotient (by method indirect calorimetry) measured 46 experiments with 16 birds. Two peaks distinguished daily locomotor activity: a strongly pronounced peak (from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m.) weak evening 10 p.m.). body mass did not change during day. However, some trend for an increase mean toward middle end day was noted. drastically changed had well-pronounced diurnal rhythm minimal values at night 12 p.m. a.m.) maximum afternoon energy budget Parus ater autumn-winter period, balance, maintenance constant flying weight along dynamics are discussed.