Evaluation of resource use in the household lighting sector in Malaysia considering land disturbances through mining activities

摘要: Abstract This study evaluated resource use in the household lighting sector Malaysia from perspective of lifecycle resources using concept total material requirement (TMR), which represents scale land disturbances caused by mining activities for exploitation. The TMR incandescent bulbs (INC), compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) is during production operation stages. Then, flow stock different technologies Malaysian period 2015–2050 estimated considering two scenarios based on rapidity transition society. Finally, overall examined, uncertainties lifespan light power generation. Although our findings indicate that LED was highest all three types bulb, high energy efficiency makes lowest among after 700 operational hours. In case infrequently used bulbs, CFL may be superior to context use. Survey results 2020 indicated only 13% obsolete are properly treated recycled. It also found quick will avoid significant exploitation, year 2025 a milestone natural recycling Malaysia.