The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one.

摘要: To the respiratory physiologist or anatomist diaphragm muscle is of course prime mover tidal air. However, gastrointestinal physiologists are becoming increasingly aware value this in helping to stop gastric contents from refluxing into oesophagus. The should be viewed as two distinct muscles, crural and costal, which act synchrony throughout respiration. activities these muscular regions can diverge during certain events such swallowing emesis. In addition, transient relaxations herald onset spontaneous acid reflux episodes. Studying motor control barrier may help elucidate mechanism rat, phrenic nerve divides three branches before entering diaphragm, it possible sample single neuronal activity costal branches. This review will discuss our recent findings with regard type axons running rat. we outline ongoing search for homologous structures basal vertebrate groups. particular, pipid frogs (e.g. African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis) possess a band around oesophagus that appears mammalian diaphragm. structure does not appear interact directly apparatus, could suggest role region was originally respiratory.