IceCube's Neutrinos: The beginning of extra-Galactic neutrino astrophysics?

摘要: The flux, spectrum and angular distribution of the excess neutrino signal detected by IceCube between 50TeV 2PeV are inconsistent with those expected for Galactic sources. coincidence excess, $E_\nu^2\Phi_\nu=3.6\pm1.2\times10^{-8}(GeV/ cm^2 sr s)$, Waxman-Bahcall (WB) bound, $E_\nu^2\Phi_{WB}=3.4\times10^{-8}(GeV/cm^2 is probably a clue to origin IceCube's neutrinos. most natural explanation this that both ultra-high energy, $>10^{19}$ eV, cosmic-ray (UHECR) flux produced same population cosmologically distributed sources, producing CRs, likely protons, at similar rate, $E^2 dQ/dE=0.5\times10^{44}(erg/Mpc^3yr)$ (at z=0), across wide range energies, from $10^{15}$ eV $>10^{20}$ residing in environments (such as starburst galaxies) which CRs rigidity $E/Z< 10^{17}$ lose much their energy pion production. Identification sources will allow one identify UHECR accelerators, resolve open questions related accelerator models, study properties (related e.g. flavor oscillations coupling gravity) an accuracy many orders magnitude better than currently possible. promising method identifying association electromagnetic accompanying transient event responsible its generation. within may thus be directly associated events, significantly lower total observed dominated production environment reside.