Thyroid Radiation Dose to Patients from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures over Eight Decades: 1930-2010.

摘要: This study summarizes and compares estimates of radiation absorbed dose to the thyroid gland for typical patients who underwent diagnostic radiology examinations in years from 1930 2010. The authors estimated common examinations, including radiography, mammography, dental fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT). For most part, a clear downward trend over time each procedure was observed. Historically, highest doses came medicine scans 1960s (630 mGy), full-mouth series radiography (390 mGy) early use x rays dentistry (1930s), barium swallow (esophagram) fluoroscopic exam also 1930s (140 mGy). Thyroid uptake pancreatic gave relatively high (64 mGy 21 mGy, respectively, 1960s). In 21st century, still result (130 but are associated with chest/abdomen/pelvis CT (18 19 males females, respectively). did not exhibit same as observed other examinations. largest conventional cervical spine skull mammography (which began 1960s) were generally fraction 1 mGy. average about 0.42 modestly larger imaging breasts large compressed thicknesses. radiographic procedures have decreased markedly throughout decades, an 390 0.31 today. Upper GI fluoroscopy resulted up two orders magnitude lower than swallow. There considerable uncertainties presented doses, particularly characterizing exposures individual identified patients. Nonetheless, tabulations provide only comprehensive report on estimation medical eight decades (1930-2010). These data can serve resource epidemiologic studies that evaluate late health effects exposure radiologic