Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum

摘要: Abstract Coldwater disease (CWD) is a bacterial that affects broad host-species range of fishes inhabit cold, fresh waters. This occurs predominately at water temperatures 16 °C and below, most prevalent severe 10 °C below. in cultured free-ranging populations, with hatchery-reared young trout salmon species especially vulnerable to infections. Flavobacterium psychrophilum the etiological agent CWD. Gram-negative bacterium may be recovered from affected host tissues characterized using standard biochemical techniques, providing reduced nutrient media are used. There numerous reports describe sensitive specific serologic genomic diagnostic techniques for The entire genome virulent isolate F. has been sequenced described. Rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry syndrome also caused by mortalities >50% possible among fish lots. Evidence suggests pathogen transmission both horizontally vertically. Analogous many diseases other animals, prevention control essential avoid losses CWD, particularly since there currently no commercially available vaccine limited number antimicrobials have approved treating food worldwide. review provides current geographic ranges pathogen, covers epizootiology, transmission, pathogenicity, diagnostics, treatment.