Diapause in the seasonal cycle of stink bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) from the Temperate Zone

摘要: The paper reviews the data on diapause and related phenomena in stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Using as examples, consecutive stages of complex dynamic process (such preparation, induction, initiation, maintenance, termination, post-diapause quiescence, resumption direct development) are described discussed. Out 43 pentatomid species studied relation to Temperate Zone up date, majority (38 species) overwinter adults, two species—as eggs, another nymphs. Pentatoma rufipes is believed be able at different its life cycle. Less than 5 % probably twice. Only five have obligate diapause, others facultative one. Day-length temperature main inducing factors species. role food control seasonal development essential feeding plant seeds. In species, sensitive day-length. Some pentatomids retain sensitivity photoperiod even after lose it become photo-refractory (temporarily or permanently). Pentatomidae, such adaptations photoperiodic nymphal growth rates, body colour change, migrations, summer (aestivation) widely represented, whereas wing and/or muscle polymorphism has not been reported yet. subfamily Podopinae, induction reproductive winter under temperature. All feed seeds their a great extent reflects availability food. However, same preferences pattern also characteristic many from Pentatominae. Asopinae predators. Among them, Picromerus bidens Apateticus cynicus embryonic which rear among true bugs. At time, A. Podisus maculiventris belong tribe but types diapause: adult P. maculiventris. Other date controlled by with only one exception: Andrallus spinidens, temperature, plays secondary role. Thus, spite similar habits Asopinae, this latter factors. Pentatominae, most adults long-day type response, differences (within phytophagy). there some exceptions subfamily, too: Palomena prasina, angulosa Menida scotti conditions univoltinism these pentatomids. M. scotti, females males remain physiologically active through whole winter, being unusual for Heteroptera. univoltine cycle apparent migrations that shield (Scutelleridae). According analysis development, evolution Pentatomidae does directly reflect phylogeny. individual genera, small tribes subfamilies complexes adaptations. Pentatominae large apparently collected taxon, diapause.