Barriers and potential solutions to the diffusion of solar photovoltaics from the public-private-people partnership perspective – Case study of Norway

摘要: Abstract Norway is a major renewable energy developer in Europe, mainly through its development of hydropower. Research has shown that solar also potential Norway, however, the cumulative installed photovoltaic capacity was only 120 MW at end 2019, representing 4.1% total electricity generation. Hence, this paper aims to investigate main barriers diffusing photovoltaics for residential buildings from public sector, private and people's perspectives Norway. Furthermore, it analyzes development, policies, models different countries, proposes model solutions overcome barriers. The results show high initial costs limited information awareness possible benefits are people. For funding few pilot projects learn from, as well risk uncertainty concern sector low application existing incentives. Public-private-people partnerships (PPPP) have big these by dividing into more affordable sums, facilitating flow among sectors, involving all three sectors create new In addition, well-suited PPPP, citizens pay much attention sustainable there already close collaboration between sector. Finally, concrete using PPPP proposed: design co-investment solution, provide sharing platforms,