Survival of Three Commercially Available Natural Enemies Exposed to Michigan Wildflowers

摘要: Flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. In this study, nine species flowering representing six families commonly found North America east Rocky Mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended lifespans three commercially available enemy cages with cut flower stems compared containing water only. The experiments a lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville), predatory bug (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Orius insidiosus (Say)), and an aphid parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidius colemani Viereck). plant that most all Monarda fistulosa L. (Lamiaceae), Solidago juncea Aiton (Asteraceae), Daucus carota (Apiaceae). Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze Lobelia siphilitica (Campanulaceae), Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae) intermediate their support enemies. One species, Penstemon hirsutus Willdenow (Scrophulariaceae), did not contribute longevity any more than alone. These results emphasize need for multi-species evaluations conservation biocontrol programs, variability value