Macroevolutionary consequences of sexual conflict.

摘要: Intralocus sexual conflicts arise whenever the fitness optima for a trait expressed in both males and females differ between sexes shared genetic architecture constrains from evolving independently towards their respective optima. Such are commonplace nature, yet long-term evolutionary consequences remain unexplored. Using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative framework, we studied macroevolutionary dynamics of intersexual integration stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) spanning time frame more than 25 Myr. We report that increased intensity selection on male eyestalks is associated with reduced eyestalk integration, as well sex-specific rates evolution. Despite this, lineages where have been under strong millions years still exhibit high levels integration. This low level decoupling may indicate exaggerated female fact adaptive—or alternatively, there constraints reducing sexes. Future work should seek to clarify relative roles contributing varying flies, this way whether can act adaptive evolution even scales.