The Costing of Measures for Natural Hazard Mitigation in Europe

摘要: The literature on the costing of mitigation measures for reducing impacts natural hazards is rather fragmented. This paper provides a concise overview current state knowledge in Europe reduction hazard risks (droughts, floods, storms and induced coastal as well alpine hazards) identifies gaps related research recommendations. Furthermore, it taxonomy options, classifying them into nine categories: (1) management plans, land-use planning, climate adaptation; (2) modification; (3) infrastructure; (4) (stricto sensu); (5) communication advance events; (6) monitoring early warning systems; (7) emergency response evacuation; (8) financial incentives; (9) risk transfer (including insurance). It found that European other countries has almost exclusively focused estimating direct costs. A cost assessment framework addresses range costs, possibly informed by multiple stakeholders, would provide more accurate estimates could better guidance to decision makers.