Respiratory Syncytial Virus

摘要: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a ubiquitous ribonucleic acid (RNA) that represents the leading cause of acute lower infections (mainly bronchiolitis and pneumonia) in infants young children worldwide. HRSV belongs to Pneumovirinae subfamily within Paramyxoviridae family enveloped, negative-strand RNA viruses. Epithelial cells lining nasal passages tract are primary target infection, although alveolar macrophages dendritic also infected. Infected respond by producing variety cytokines, chemokines interferons involved inflammatory response HRSV. Although infection occurs at an early age, immunity short-lived or incomplete re-infections occur throughout life. Initial efforts develop vaccine based on formalin-inactivated resulted vaccine-enhanced disease, there still no licensed prophylactic available. Key Concepts: Human serious disease worldwide. HRSV viruses. The genome comprises 10 genes encode 11 viral proteins. HRSV derives its name from formation multinucleated, fused (syncytia), which hallmark cultured lung tissue. Following attachment cell, entry mediated fusion envelope with host cell plasma membrane neutral pH. The entire replication cycle takes place cytoplasm infected cell. Reverse genetics has permitted recovery infectious complementary DNA. HRSV strains disseminate rapidly worldwide, accumulating mutations predominantly protein, probably as consequence immune selection. Pathology associated not only result direct injury, but largely aberrant immune/inflammatory response. Palivizumab, neutralising monoclonal antibody directed against product available market for treatment high risk severe infection. Keywords: negative-strand viruses; subfamily Pneumovirinae; bronchiolitis; membrane fusion; pathogenesis; vaccines; antivirals