Occurrence of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in vegetables, herbs and liquors. Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of the anthraquinones and of the whole plants.

摘要: Abstract 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinones, present in laxatives, fungi imperfecti, Chinese herbs and possibly vegetables, are debate as human carcinogens. We screened a variety of vegetables (cabbage lettuce, beans, peas), some herbal-flavoured liquors for their content the ‘free’ anthraquinones emodin, chrysophanol physcion. For qualitative quantitative analysis, reversed-phase HPLC (RP-LC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) RP-LC-MS were used. The showed large batch-to-batch variability, from 0.04 to 3.6, 5.9 36 mg total anthraquinone per kg fresh weight peas, cabbage respectively. Physcion predominated all vegetables. In grape vine leaves, couch grass root plantain herb, above limit detection. Contents ranged below 1 mg/kg (dry weight). All three also found seven 11 liquors, range 0.05 mg/kg 7.6 mg/kg. genotoxicity analysed was investigated comet assay, micronucleus test mutation assay mouse lymphoma L5178Y tk+/- cells. Emodin genotoxic, whereas physcion no effects. Complete vegetable extract on its own did not show any effect test. A lettuce completely abolished induction micronuclei by genotoxic danthron. Taking into consideration measured concentrations anthraquinones, estimated daily intakes, potency, well protective effects food matrix, constituents do represent high priority risk balanced diet.