Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry in Environmental Analysis

摘要: Soon after the invention of laser by Maiman, pulses were used for excitation and ionization sample material inorganic analysis optical emission spectrometry (OES) or mass (MS). This direct approach is complicated complexity laser–sample interaction need to optimize simultaneously sampling (or ionization) steps. Use a solids with separate atomization in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) retains advantages analysis, including spatially resolved concentration data, adds those attributable ICP, wide elemental coverage, linear dynamic range six more orders magnitude, excellent detection limits (DLs). The resulting techniques, denominated ablation/inductively plasma/optical (LA/ICP/OES) plasma/mass (LA/ICP/MS), are based on recording relative intensities ion count rates, respectively. Both methods treated here, but emphasis given LA/ICP/MS, rapidly developing technique use less than 15 years, which addition offering DLs typically 103 times lower obtained LA/ICP/OES, also offers isotope ratio analysis. Hardware, analytical procedures, performance, prospects addressed. power limitations illustrated environmental applications, metals, soils, rocks, plastics.