Higher renewable energy integration into the existing energy system of Finland Is there any maximum limit

摘要: Abstract Finland is to increase the share of RES (renewable energy sources) up 38% in final consumption by 2020. While benefiting from local biomass resources Finnish system deemed achieve this goal, increasing other intermittent renewables under development, namely wind power and solar energy. Yet maximum flexibility existing integration renewable not investigated, which an important step before undertaking new obligations. This study aims at filling gap hourly analysis comprehensive modeling including electricity, heat, transportation, employing EnergyPLAN tool. Focusing on technical economic implications, we assess potential different RESs separately (including bioenergy, hydropower, power, heating PV, heat pumps), as well optimal mix technologies. Furthermore, propose a index for assessing systems absorbing variable The results demonstrate that can be harvested levels 18–19% annual demand (approx. 16 TWh/a), without major enhancements infrastructure. With today's demand, feasible around 44–50% technologies, promises 35% reduction carbon emissions 2012's level. Moreover, flexible augment gross electricity 69–72%, maximum. Higher shares calls lower (energy efficiency) more balancing supply (e.g. storage).