Binary neutron-star mergers: a review of Einstein's richest laboratory

摘要: The merger of binary neutron-stars systems combines in a single process: extreme gravity, copious emission gravitational waves, complex microphysics, and electromagnetic processes that can lead to astrophysical signatures observable at the largest redshifts. We review here recent progress understanding what could be considered Einstein's richest laboratory, highlighting particular numerous significant advances last decade. Although special attention is paid status models, techniques, results for fully general-relativistic dynamical simulations, also offered on initial data advanced simulations with approximate treatments gravity. Finally, we considerable amount work carried out post-merger phase, including: black-hole formation, torus accretion onto merged compact object, connection gamma-ray burst engines, ejected material, its nucleosynthesis.