The Influence of Male-Defended Oviposition Sites on Early Embryo Mortality in Bullfrogs
作者： Richard D. Howard
DOI: 10.2307/1938783
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摘要: Field studies were conducted on factors affecting embryo mortality in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, 1975 and 1976 at the E. S. George Reserve of University Michigan. Larger 9 produced significantly larger clutches than smaller (6000 to >20,000). Older 2 each yr with 2nd containing fewer eggs 1st clutches. Egg size appeared be unrelated size; however, contained initial for all 9. Embryo depended choice oviposition sites. Such sites controlled by territorial 6 6. 66 that had lower Sources included developmental abnormalities predation. Choice included: (a) avoidance areas high water temperatures (>32?C) result increased (b) preference increase survival increasing rate and/or decreasing efficiency predation embryos leech, Macrobdella decora.
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