Genetics of Male Infertility: Evolution of the X and Y Chromosome and Transmission of Male Infertility to Future Generations

摘要: Since the introduction in 1992 of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, there has been a revolution our thinking about male infertility (Palermo et al., 1992; Van Steirteghem al, 1993). The most severe cases infertility, even with apparently 100% abnormal morphology, and just rare ejaculate, could now have pregnancy delivery rates no different from conventional IVF normal (Nagy 1995; Liu 1994; 1995). In 1993, testicular extraction (TESE) microsurgical epididymal aspiration (MESA) conjunction ICSI was introduced for treatment obstructive azoospermia (Schoysman 1993; Devroey Silber 1994, 1995a; Tournaye 1995a). Eventually this technique also used “non-obstructive” (Devroey 1995b; 1995b, 1996, 1998a). Many azoospermic men minute amount production testis that is not quantitatively sufficient to “spill over” into but adequate (Silber 1995c, 1997a, 1997b; Rodriguez-Rigau, 1981; Steinberger Tjioe, 1968; Zukerman 1978). It these non-obstructive oligospermia greatest concern registered well-being offspring generated by ICSI. Thus, if or genetic origin, many cases, creates potential problem proliferation 1998b; Faddy 2001).