Yttrium extraction from soils by electric field assisted mining applying the evolutionary operation technique

摘要: Abstract Yttrium is an element of the Rare Earth group. It mainly used in flat panel displays, alloys, and lasers. considered a critical there concern to meet global consumer demand. normally available mineral form earth's crust, due high energy environmental impact conventional mining processes, electric field assisted arises as alternative yttrium extraction. This technique uses electrokinetic phenomena for species' extraction aiming at reducing consumption. The present paper aims extracting Y3+ by process, using evolutionary operation response surface methodology investigate influence electrolyte concentration variables. results show that synergetic between low acetic acid (0.1 mol L−1) (54.54 V m−1) favored migration flow Y3+, resulting 42.6% recovery efficiency cathode chamber 72 h experiment, with consumption 259.7 kWh kg−1 removed. Thus, shown be economical environmentally friendly mining.