Trans-ionospheric GPS signal delay gradients observed over mid-latitude Europe during the geomagnetic storms of October–November 2003

摘要: Abstract Ionospheric disturbances are known to have adverse effects on the satellite-based communication and navigation. One particular type of ionospheric effects, observed during major geomagnetic storms threatening integrity performance both ground-based space-based GNSS augmentation systems, is sharp increase/decrease in delay that propagates horizontal direction, thus called for convenience ‘moving wall’. This paper presents preliminary results from researching such anomalous gradients at European middle latitudes storm events 29 October 2003 20 November 2003. For purpose, 30-s GPS data Belgian permanent network was used calculating analysing slant total electron content values. It has been found that, these two events, substantial did occur Europe although they were not so pronounced as American sector.