El Niño induced changes to the Bolivar Channel ecosystem (Galapagos): comparing model simulations with historical biomass time series
作者： M Wolff , DJ Ruiz , M Taylor
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09542
关键词:
摘要: During a strong El Nino event, nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations around the Galapagos archipelago greatly decrease, while sea surface temperature increases (>7°C). Several species suffer under these conditions, some benefit new appear. To understand mechanisms behind observed changes, trophic reference model of Bolivar Channel ecosystem was forced by 16 yr (1994 to 2009) satellite-derived time series phyto- plankton biomass including period 1997/98. Emergent changes in compartment biomasses, as derived from dynamic simulations, were compared situ observations subtidal communities marine vertebrates over study period. Observed population reduc- tions seabirds (penguins flightless cormorants) several fish groups well pre- dicted suggesting that bottom-up effects largely control system during an event. Observational data also enabled modifying state model. In this model, size (total energy throughput) reduced 70.1%. Overall characteristics show great similarities with other coastal upwelling systems Peruvian coast events cause disruptions flows keep them at low (but highly productive) development state.
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