Stress Effects on Neuronal Structure: Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Prefrontal Cortex

摘要: The hippocampus provided the gateway into much of what we have learned about stress and brain structural functional plasticity, this initial focus has expanded to other interconnected regions, such as amygdala prefrontal cortex. Starting with discovery adrenal steroid, later, estrogen receptors in hippocampal formation, subsequent dendritic spine synapse remodeling neurogenesis dentate gyrus, mechanistic studies revealed both genomic rapid non-genomic actions circulating steroid hormones brain. Many these occur epigenetically result ever-changing patterns gene expression, which there are important sex differences that need further exploration. Moreover, glucocorticoid synergistically an increasing number cellular mediators help determine qualitative nature response. also been a understanding lasting epigenetic effects early-life experiences. These findings animal models resulted translation human helped change thinking malfunction psychiatric disorders during aging, well mechanisms adversity on body.