Factors Required to Sustain Pastoral Farming Systems and Forage Supply In Winter-Cold Zones in Canada

摘要: Forage grasses and legumes ar the mam component of livestock diets in Canada. There are over 30 million ha grassland Canada there is a large, undeveloped land base fringe areas suitable for forage production. The short growing s season limits farming to southern p parts win!er long most cold temperatures, frezmg, thawing, diseases exert sever stress on overwintering plants. development persistent cultivars essential sustained production particularly with growmg sason. seasonality dry matter result high growth rates early summr low accumulation late summer fall. Innovative management practIces improved regrowth capacity n necessary overcome such skewed pattern extend effiectlVe grazmg l Improved pasture an important part reducing costs operations remaining competitive. It suggested that applying available technology would increase productivity reduce dpendence stored feeds thus improving profitability small producers particeular. Reducing nutrient losses during harvstmg, storage, feeding efficiency confinement. devclopment cost labor saving methods ensiling critical based enterprises Livestock industries must respond consumer preferences fat cholesterol foods. Research entire systems emphasized devloping viabl enterprises. increasingly difficult secure resources rsearch, education, extension, allianes cooperation expand among organizations interests systems.