Impacts of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima on the brown mussel Perna perna: Shell-valve closure response, immunology, and histopathology.

摘要: Abstract Prorocentrum lima is a widely distributed marine benthic dinoflagellate that produces diarrhetic toxins, okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs, may promote damage on bivalve tissues cellular responses. Cultivation of the brown mussel Perna perna represents an important economic activity in tropical subtropical regions, where mussels co-occur with P. lima. This study aimed to assess behavioral, immune responses, pathological condition following short-term experimental exposure The toxic treatment was compared non-toxic chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp. at similar concentrations. prevalence conditions parasites were assessed, index applied by scoring prevalences into four levels. Reaction time number stimuli necessary for shell-valve closure response significantly increased after 72 h exposure. Circulating hemocyte concentration lower exposed than control 48- 96 h incubation, while relative size higher mussels. Comparatively, phagocytic ROS production hemocytes respectively. In addition, presented exacerbated hemocytic infiltration digestive organs, moderate severe atrophy tubules, which suggests impairment immunologic A Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), trematodes copepods direct effect OA parasites. likely occur frequently lead constraints behavior, physiology, condition.