Recreational vessels without Automatic Identification System (AIS) dominate anthropogenic noise contributions to a shallow water soundscape

摘要: Recreational boating is an increasing activity in coastal areas and its spatiotemporal overlap with key habitats of marine species pose a risk for negative noise impacts. Yet, recreational vessels are currently unaccounted vessel models using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Here we conduct case study investigating contributions from without AIS (non-AIS) shallow area within the Inner Danish waters. By tracking theodolite AIS, while recording ambient levels, find that non-AIS have higher occurrence (83%) than vessels, motorised can elevate third-octave band centred at 0.125, 2 16 kHz by 47–51 dB. Accordingly, these dominated soundscape site due to their high numbers, speeds proximity coast. Furthermore, caused 49–85% events potentially eliciting behavioural responses harbour porpoises (AIS 5–24%). We therefore conclude data would poorly predict pollution impacts this other similar environments. suggest improve impact assessments requiring faster more powerful carry AIS-transmitters.