Below-Ground Herbivory in Natural Communities: A Review Emphasizing Fossorial Animals

摘要: Roots, bulbs, corms, and other below-ground organs are almost universally present in communities containing vascular plants. A large taxonomically diverse group of herbivores uses these plant parts as its sole or primary source food. Important within this plant-parasitic nematodes several fossorial taxa that affect plants through their soil-disturbing activities well by consuming tissue. The probably best exemplified rodents, which distributed on all continents except Australia. All insects. impact below-groud herbivory individual fitness will depend upon the extent to which, under what circumstances, consumption tissue disrupts one more six functions parts. Below-ground is often chronic than acute. Indirect evidence suggests have responded evolutionarily enhancing functional...