Mosaic structure of human coronavirus NL63, one thousand years of evolution.

摘要: Before the SARS outbreak only two human coronaviruses (HCoV) were known: HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. With discovery of SARS-CoV in 2003, a third family member was identified. Soon thereafter, we described fourth coronavirus (HCoV-NL63), virus that has spread worldwide is associated with croup children. We report here complete genome sequence HCoV-NL63 clinical isolates, designated Amsterdam 57 496. The genomes are 27,538 27,550 nucleotides long, respectively, share same organization. identified variable regions, one within 1a S gene, whereas 1b N genes most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed have mosaic structure multiple recombination sites. Additionally, employing three different algorithms, assessed evolutionary rate for gene group Ib to be approximately 3 x 10(-4) substitutions per site year. Using this determined diverged 11th century from its closest relative