Isolation and Characterization of Ligands for the Goldfish Testicular Androgen Receptor from Kraft Mill Chemical Recovery Condensates

摘要: An investigation of cause was started in the 1990s at a bleached Kraft mill (BKM), located Saint John NB, Canada. The 5 effect chemical recovery condensates waste stream (derived from wastewater generated during pulping process) identified as having greatest potential for affecting mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), compared to rest inmill streams. A solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol utilized isolate causative chemicals condensate stream. Goldfish testicular androgen receptors (ARs) were exposed five extracts: filter paper non-polar/polar, nonpolar/polar, and residual condensates. non-polar (FP-NP) extract contained large quantity ligands AR. normal high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method then developed fractionate FP-NP based on polarity, further isolating androgenic compounds present Most activity (p<0.05) isolated one HPLC fraction, with smaller amount 3 additional fractions, demonstrating presence multiple ligands. Gas mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis active fractions four different families diterpenoid probably responsible most activity. naturally occurring cyclic diterpene manool novel compound. Manool accounted 25 14 % androgenicity main respectively. To investigate if AR discharges, final effluent 10 other mills Canada (3), Brazil (5) New Zealand (2) analyzed It determined that all exhibited iii vitro. highest levels consistently associated (SPE-NP) extracts each (with exception two mills), which ranged -100-800 ng testosterone /L (equivalent). Of excepted mills, thermomechanical pulp treated activated sludge, while kraft mill, reverse osmosis (RO) treat effluent. All used biological treatment detected 3500 ng/L, also only had detectable (115 ng/L).