Electronic molecules in semiconductors and other novel materials

摘要: Semiconductors are usually characterized by a concentration of impurities and defects. The electronic properties these defects have strong influence on the quality devices made from materials. Here it is demonstrated that under certain conditions there may arise molecules, which behave similarly to quantum molecules or e-molecules formed through formation confinement potential, trap one more electrons. arises either due lattice deformation spontaneous magnetic topological droplets. shape size arbitrary depend physical situations. In many cases they linear form therefore call them strings. strings also be closed into loops as happens with in anti-ferromagnetic insulators. Some situations reviewed their discussed. Relevant experiments discussed briefly.