Prenatal typing of Rh and Kell blood group system antigens: the edge of a watershed.

摘要: Knowledge of the molecular basis blood group systems has enabled development assays for genotyping. At this time, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based validated on fetal meterial obtained by invasive means (chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) are available all clinically relevant groups, However, only Rh typing (D, C, c, E, and e) K1 genotyping discussed in review. Importantly, one must remember that results will not always be concordant with serological typing. Thus, RhD have to modified response increased understanding biology system. should produce negative when tested black RhD-negative RHD alleles, ψ r's. PCR-based can used determine paternal zygosity. For zygosity testing, real-time quantitative PCR approath direct detection hybrid Rhesus box, which is result deletion gene available. Recently, methods noninvasive prenatal been investigated. The use cells circulating meternal circulation explored; however, scarcity limited approach. More promising cell-free DNA, present maternal a concentration 25 genomic equivalents per milliter early pregnancy increasing 100 copies milliliter third trimester, cleared from within few hours delivery. positive predictive value approach virtually 100%, but false-negative (infrequently) encountered. Therefore, assay at screening women make antenatal prophylaxis more targeted hence cost-effective. clinical managment pregnancies alloimmunized women, control presence amplification DNA needed, male pregnancies. Assays other antigens Kell yet described.