Frictional energy absorbing device and/or methods of absorbing energy

摘要: A cyclic shear energy absorber is described for absorbing imposed onto the absorber. The consists of a hollow core filled with densely packed granular material. material confined within so that upon causes incipient dilation This at least in part suppressed by confining means. Inter-particle frictional forces dissipate energy. may be between two end plates capable being coupled to an associated structure such as bridge support column and base. also pile.