Challenges and opportunities in the removal of sulphate ions in contaminated mine water: A review

摘要: Abstract Metal sulphates are one of the major contributors to acid mine drainage (AMD) or rock (ARD). AMD occurs by oxidation metal sulphides. Sulphides produce and eventually acidify medium converting sulphuric acid. As contaminates water sources downstream, set limit for human consumption gets compromised. Stringent standards imposed on, comply with limitations regulatory bodies. World Health Organization (WHO) emphasises on a 250 mg/L sulphate concentration in consumption. Therefore, curing has become prominent issues research. Unregulated disposal such may cause increase salinity pH, which can be detrimental utility downstream. Corrosion, scaling health implications definite results AMD. Numerous approaches available treat from Suitability specific method depends level removal expected, environmental legislations, resources, space required, economy volume contaminated water. Several have demonstrated promising laboratory scale, but their viability at industrial scale is yet established. This paper reviews remediation methods currently practice. It discusses two main topics, both conventional recent developments. While include lime, limestone wetlands, developments filtration, electrocoagulation, adsorption, ion exchange precipitation introduction certain novelty throughout last few years. well established that lime treatment suited pre-treatment processes whereas rest selected upon site requirements. Even though novel show potential reduce ions greatly, these need tested order identify overall effectiveness.