Investigation of Chronic Venous Insufficiency A Consensus Statement

摘要: This consensus document provides an up-to-date account of the various methods available for investigation chronic venous insufficiency lower limbs (CVI), with outline their history, usefulness, and limitations. CVI is characterized by symptoms or signs produced hypertension as a result structural functional abnormalities veins. The most frequent causes are primary wall valves secondary changes due to previous thrombosis that can lead reflux, obstruction, both. Because history clinical examination will not always indicate nature extent underlying abnormality (anatomic extent, pathology, cause), number diagnostic investigations have been developed elucidate whether there calf muscle pump dysfunction determine anatomic severity obstruction reflux. difficulty in deciding which use how interpret results has stimulated development this document. aim was provide these tests, usefulness limitations indications patients should be subjected tests when what decisions made. written primarily clinician who would like learn latest approaches new applications emerged from recent research, well novice embarking on research. Care taken entered arena mainly used foundation laid faculty at meeting held under auspices American Venous Forum, Cardiovascular Disease Educational Research Trust, European Society Vascular Surgery, International Angiology Scientific Activity Congress Organization, Union Angiology, Internationale de Phlebologie Abbaye des Vaux Cernay, France, March 5 9, 1997. Subsequent input co-opted members revisions 1998 1999 ensured CVI.