Mechanisms of unconscious priming: I. Response competition, not spreading activation.

摘要: Four experiments were conducted to replicate and expand upon A. G. Greenwald, S. C. Draine, R. L. Abrams's (1996) demonstration that unconsciously perceived priming words can influence judgments of other words. The present manipulated 2 types relationships between target stimuli: (a) whether stimuli possess a preexisting semantic relationship (an affective in Experiments 1, 2, 4; an associative Experiment 3; animacy 4) (b) the primes targets produce same response. Large effects found only when possessed response compatibility. No residual for affective, animacy, or relatedness observed. Although these results strongly support conclusion word meaning be activated, they do not claim unconscious perception obtained Greenwald et al.'s paradigm are caused by automatic spreading activation meaning. Instead, reported here consistent with automatically trigger tendencies facilitate interfere responding.