Cigarette Smoking and Periodontal Diseases: Etiology and Management of Disease

摘要: Cigarette smoking has long been suspected to be associated with a variety of oral conditions including periodontal diseases. Experimental evidence accumulated over the last 2 decades indicated that cigarette is probably true risk factor for periodontitis. This environmental exposure 2- 3-fold increases in odds developing clinically detectable Smokers have both increased prevalence and more severe extent disease, as well higher tooth loss edentulism, compared non-smokers. The greater severity destruction may partly accounted by reported rate disease progression. noxious effect shown dose dependent particularly marked younger individuals; these subjects, up 51% observed periodontitis was smoking. Much literature also smokers affected respond less favorably non-surgical, surgical, regenerative treatments. success dental implants compromised smokers. Furthermore, longterm studies pointed out recurrence during maintenance; appeared dependent, heavy (> 10 cigarettes/day) presenting levels indication previous lower current considered strongest available cessation will result improved health counseling should an integral part therapy prevention. So far, however, no randomized controlled clinical trial establishing and/or reduction on outcomes reported. Given present state uncertainty about benefits, but light established general gains patient could derived from program, practitioners are incorporating therapy. status represents key parameter assess individual subject therefore make evidence-based decisions.