作者: Hilary V. Cane
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1187-6_4
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摘要: Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are plasma eruptions from the solar atmosphere involving previously closed field regions which expelled into interplanetary medium. Such regions, and shocks they may generate, have pronounced effects on cosmic ray densities both locally at some distance away. These energetic particle can often be used to identify CMEs in medium, where usually called ‘ejecta’. When ejecta shock present resulting event is a ‘classical, two-step’ Forbush decrease. This paper will summarize characteristics of CMEs, their particles understanding mechanisms involved cause effects. The role long term modulation also discussed.