Mutation and Conservation

摘要: Mutation can critically affect the viability of small populations by causing inbreeding depression, maintaining potentially adaptive genetic variation in quantitative characters, and through erosion fitness accumulation mildly detrimental mutations. I review integrate recent empirical theoretical work on spontaneous mutation its role population conservation planning. analyze both maintenance characters mutations increasing extinction risk populations. Recent experiments indicate that rate production quasineutral, variance is an order magnitude smaller than total mutational because with large phenotypic effects tend to be strongly detrimental. This implies that, maintain normal potential under a balance between random drift (or among mutation, drift, stabilizing natural selection), effective size should about 5000 rather 500 (the Franklin-Soule number). results suggest due fixation may comparable importance environmental stochasticity could substantially decrease long-term sizes as few thousand. These findings current recovery goals for many threatened endangered species are inadequate ensure viability. La mutacion puede afectar criticamente la viabilidad de poblaciones pequenas al causar depresion endocria, mantener variacion genetica potencialmente adaptativa en caracteres cuantitativos, y por medio condicin acumulacion mutaciones levemente perjudiciales. En el presente estudio revise e integre trabajos empiricos teoricos recientes sobre espontaneas su papel las planificacion para conservacion. Se analizo tanto mantenimiento variabilidad los cuantitativos como perjudiciales incremento riesgo extincion pequenas. Experimentos indican que tasa produccion varianza cuasineutral es un orden magnitud menor mutacional debido con efectos fenotipicos pronunciados tienden ser fuertemente Esto implica efecto potencial adaptativo bajo entre deriva genica azar (o mutacion, seleccion estabilizadora), tamano poblacional efectivo debe aproximadamente no (numero Franklin-Soule). Resultados sugieren fijacion podria importancia estocasticidad ambiental reducir substancialmente largo plazo solo unos pocos miles. Estos descubrimientos metas recuperacion muchas especies peligro amenazadas son inadecuadas asegurar plazo.