Adaptive radiations in butterflies: evolutionary history of the genus Erebia (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

摘要: We studied the speciose butterfly genus Erebia by reconstructing its phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. estimated times rates of diversification for lineages employed a biogeographical analysis in order to reconstruct evolutionary history. DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial gene three nuclear genes were analyzed total 74 species Erebia. The dates origin clades, combination with analysis, suggest that originated Asian Russia started process around 23 Myr. An important event was dispersal lineage Asia Western Europe between 17 Myr, which allowed radiation most genus. pattern is consistent model diversity limited clade richness, implies an early rapid followed deceleration due decrease speciation. argue these characteristics history are density-dependent scenario, filling niche space reduced resources. found Boeberia parmenio appears strongly supported therefore we place Prout, 1901 as junior synonym Dalman, 1816 (syn. nov.). (Less)