Satellite thermal IR and atmospheric radon anomalies associated with the Haripur earthquake (Oct 2010; Mw 5.2), Pakistan

摘要: Abstract The recent scientific progress in the context of earthquake forecasting reveals some key physical processes related to seismic activity. lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling model provides a comprehensive mechanism understand underlying processes. In this study, precursory analysis was conducted for shallow, moderate-magnitude Haripur (Oct 2010; Mw 5.2) bounded by two major water reservoirs, highlighting its significance. This performed using land surface temperature (LST) extracted from satellite (MODIS) thermal infrared data and atmospheric radon concentration recorded at Islamabad Murree stations monitors. A significant change LST (4–8 °C) observed epicentral region 6 days prior event. addition, comparison made between daily five-year-averaged that further supports our results. also showed anomalous behavior 3–4 particular event with crucial meteorological indicators safe limit. abnormal both precursors proposes possible correlation local Moreover, higher amplitude anomaly nearest station (Islamabad) is validating cause. results presented study are very encouraging stimulate idea multi-precursory approach.