Quaternary diversification in a sexual Holarctic zooplankter, Daphnia galeata

摘要: The effects of Quaternary glacial range partitioning on the diversification Holarctic biota remain unclear. Glacial refugial lineages may form vicariant species, hybrid products, or merge after secondary contact. Here, we assess glaciation a sexual zooplankter, Daphnia galeata, with apparently marked dispersal capacity and widespread lineage in New World. We collected samples this species from 148 lakes, analysed nuclear mitochondrial gene sequences, tested predictions for hypotheses that account origin spread World D. galeata. detected five phylogroups four phylogroups, most which were restricted to either Old oldest phylogroup was Japan. One major clade distributed throughout Holarctic, but only haplotypes shared among continents, analysis molecular variance indicated significant structure at continental level. Haplotype sharing continents could largely be attributed anthropogenic introductions. Mismatch distributions, haplotype networks, phylogenetic trees, longitudinal diversity erosion coalescence analyses are consistent colonization an refugium. Our DNA sequence evidence supports hypothesis galeata underwent introgression dentifera, being enhanced by glaciation. conclude had pronounced effect zooplankter.