Mechanism of Cargo Recognition During Selective Autophagy

摘要: Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system conserved among eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. It responsible for the of cytosolic components and organelles in response nutrient deprivation. There are three main types autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Microautophagy sequesters cytoplasmic delivers them by direct invagination or protrusion/septation lysosomal vacuolar membrane (Mijaljica et al., 2011; Uttenweiler Mayer, 2008). CMA targets specific proteins that trapped heat shock cognate protein 70 kDa (hsc70) and, through interaction with lysosome-associated type 2A (LAMP-2A), they then translocated into lumen rapid (Orenstein Cuervo, 2010). Macroautophagy, hereafter referred as autophagy, most well characterized process three. During double structures called autophagosomes sequester a portion cytoplasm fuse lysosome (or vacuole case plants) deliver their inner contents organelle (Mizushima, 2007; Mizushima Analyses autophagy-related (Atg) have unveiled dynamic diverse aspects mechanisms underlie formation during (Mizushima 2010; Nakatogawa 2009). As indistinguishable surrounding (Baba 1994), has long been considered nonselective catabolic pathway. Recent studies, however, provided evidence selective various autophagy. In autophagy-deficient neuronal cells, aggregates accumulate eventually lead neurodegeneration, suggesting selectively degrades harmful (Hara 2006; Komatsu 2006). Damaged superfluous organelles, such mitochondria peroxisomes, even infectious pathogens also degraded (Goldman Gutierrez 2004; Manjithaya Nakagawa Noda Yoshimori, budding Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ┙mannosidase aminopeptidase I transported autophagic pathways 1997; Hutchins Klionsky, 2001).