Interleukin-4 signaling plays a major role in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder pathogenesis

摘要: Abstract IL-4 is crucial in many helminth infections, but its role urogenital schistosomiasis, infection with Schistosoma haematobium worms, remains poorly understood due to a historical lack of animal models. The bladder pathology schistosomiasis caused by immune responses eggs deposited the wall. A range occurs, including urothelial hyperplasia and cancer, associated mechanisms links are largely unknown. We modeled injecting walls receptor-alpha knockout(Il4ra−/−) wild type mice S. eggs. Readouts included histology ex vivo assessments proliferation, cell cycle ploidy status. also quantified effects exogenous on proliferation vitro, status phosphorylation patterns major downstream regulators signaling pathway. There was significant decrease intensity granulomatous bladder-wall injected Il4ra−/− versus mice. egg injection triggered evidence hyperdiploidy skewing not Urothelial exposure vitro led polarization increased AKT. Our results show required for key pathogenic features that particular aspects this pathway may exert these directly urothelium. These findings point potential which promotes carcinogenesis.