Effect of co-application of wastewater and freshwater on the physiological properties and trace element content in Raphanus sativus : soil contamination and human health

摘要: Nowadays, the use of wastewater for crop irrigation is increasing at global scale mainly due to freshwater scarcity and economic benefits. However, presence different types pollutants including trace elements (TEs) poses a serious threat environmental human health. This pot study evaluated effect alone mixed water [wastewater (WW) with canal (CW) tube-well (TW)] on TEs build-up in soil, their soil–plant transfer allied health hazards District Vehari. The WW samples were contaminated Cd (0.03 mg/L), Cr (1.45 mg/L), Cu (0.35 mg/L) Ni (0.40 mg/L). CW contained high levels Fe, while TW was Pb Cr. In concentrations Cd, Fe Mn exceeded respective limit values all treatments. Among treatments, concentration found highest WW-3 irrigated soil. Application treatments resulted (Cu, 60.1 mg/kg; 8.2 mg/kg; Ni, 39.9 mg/kg; 4411 mg/kg; Zn, 111.3 mg/kg Pb, 44.5 mg/kg) accumulation edible parts Raphanus sativus. Compared other TW + CW plants accumulated higher TEs. Results showed linear trends among alterations physiological attributes R. High (TW + WW-1 TW + CW) caused maximum H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation decline plant pigments. Risk assessment parameters both carcinogenic non-carcinogenic risks contents tissues. It concluded that or combined application WW, not fit vegetable irrigation, studied area, contents.