Increasing dimension of structures by 4D printing shape memory polymers via fused deposition modeling

摘要: The main objective of this paper is to introduce a 4D printing method program shape memory polymers (SMPs) during fabrication process. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) as filament-based employed SMPs depositing the material. This implemented fabricate complicated polymeric structures by self-bending features without need any post-programming. Experiments are conducted demonstrate feasibility one-dimensional (1D)-to 2D and 2D-to-3D self-bending. It shown that 3D printed plate can transform into masonry-inspired curved shell simply heating. Good reliability SMP programming process also demonstrated. A macroscopic constitutive model established simulate thermo-mechanical SMPs. Governing equations derived mechanism change structures. In respect, finite element formulation developed considering von-Karman geometric nonlinearity solved implementing iterative Newton–Raphson scheme. accuracy computational approach checked with experimental results. demonstrated theoretical able replicate characteristics observed in experiments. research likely advance state art FDM printing, provide pertinent results tool instrumental design smart materials features.